ethnicity and crime statistics uk 2020

The location in which a homicide was committed showed marked differences between ethnic groups. . The following analysis cannot be used to make conclusions about the overall pupil population that have the characteristics described as the matched dataset is of offenders only[footnote 71]. In this chapter, those conducted under section 1 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) and section 60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 have been combined[footnote 22]. , Equivalently, a Key Stage 4 academic year of 2013/14 and 2014/15; analysis of the attainment data focuses on those sentenced/cautioned that were at the end of KS4 in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 academic years. But, initially, a central strand in this debate concerned whether street gangs actually existed at all. , There is only ever one principal suspect per homicide victim. Within ethnic groups, Black defendants had the largest proportion of prosecutions for this offence in each of the past 5 years. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. Last modified on Fri 19 Nov 2021 00.29 EST. , Available at https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Data provided by the Home Office listing offences recorded as homicide as of 15th December 2020. Other young offenders had the lowest proportion recorded as persistently absent at 66%. In line with previous years, Black defendants continued to serve a greater proportion of their original determinate sentence in custody (67% in 2020) when compared with Mixed (66%) White (60%), Asian (58%) and prisoners from Other ethnic groups (58%). For indictable offences, ethnic minority groups accounted for a higher proportion of male prosecutions and convictions compared to females. The Chinese or Other ethnic group had the highest number of defendants remanded in custody, at 62%, whereas the White ethnic group had the lowest number of defendants remanded in custody, at 42%. Between 2017/18 and 2019/20, almost half (49%) of homicide victims aged 15 to 17 and 37% of victims aged 18 to 20 were from the Black ethnic group. statistics. This trend has fluctuated across the past 5 years. Proportions of defendants prosecuted for production, supply and intent to supply varied by year, with Black, Asian and Mixed defendants accounting for the highest proportions of defendants for Class A drugs (each 30% in 2020), while the Chinese or Other ethnic group accounted for t Figure 3.02: Homicides currently recorded by location of homicide and ethnic appearance of victim: England and Wales, combined data for 2017/18 to 2019/20. 2,574 White, 355 Black, 296 Asian, 226 Mixed and 107 prisoners from Other ethnic groups completed the questionnaires. 102 Petty France. , Arrests analysis excludes Lancashire as they could not supply complete data for 2017/18. 13.2% of the UK prison population is black compared with their being 2.8% of the over 15 population. Judiciary: The proportion of White judges has fallen by 1.9 pp, between 2017 and 2021, driven mainly by an increase in the proportion of practitioners from Asian (1.5 pp) and Mixed (0.6 pp) ethnic groups[footnote 97]. The Black ethnic group had the highest proportion of young offenders with SEN at 79%, combining SEN with statement and without statement. A small proportional decrease of White offenders was observed, with a decrease of 2 percentage points since 2016. Figure 5.07: The average custodial sentence length in months for offenders sentenced to immediate custody for indictable offences at all courts, by ethnicity, 2016 to 2020, England and Wales. Previously, these officers have been counted under the Chinese or Other ethnic group. , Court Orders can contain more than one requirement. Custody rates have largely converged across ethnic groups between 2016 and 2019. Figure 6.03: Average proportion of determinate sentence served in custody, by ethnicity, England and Wales, 2016 to 2020. The ethnicity of prisoners varied across age groups, with a higher proportion of younger prisoners being from minority ethnic groups (53% of under 18-year olds). , Persistent absence is when a pupil enrolments overall absence equates to 10 per cent or more of their possible sessions. In 2020, the ethnic group with the highest concordance rate with their PSR for immediate custodial sentences was the Mixed ethnic group, at 89%; this has remained consistent since 2018. The Ministry of Justice would welcome any feedback on the content, presentation or on any other aspect of this bulletin we can be contacted through: Much of this information has previously been published in the Offender Management statistics quarterly publication, where statistics on adjudications, Home Detention Curfew, Release on Temporary Licence and Licence Recalls can also be found. In the three-year period 2017/18[footnote 13] to 2019/20, there were 1,951[footnote 14] homicides in the Home Office Homicide Index[footnote 15], where ethnicity of the victim was recorded. This highlights that controlling for offence mix reduces the disparity between ethnic groups. This goes against the trend from 2016 where the numbers of prosecutions had been rising each year for all ethnic groups except Black. Similar to trends in adults, children from the Asian ethnic group (3%) were significantly less likely to be victim of personal crime than those from the White ethnic group (7%). The guilty plea rate (GPR) of defendants who were committed for trial at Crown Court increased across all ethnic groups from 2018-2020. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England 2014/15 (Revised), A young person may be eligible to claim for FSM if they or their family meet certain criteria related to their income and benefits received. See police activity chapter for more information on stop and searches. the young, the poor and ethnic minorities) show up more often in these statistics. In 2020/21, 21% of all stop and searches (where ethnicity is known) resulted in an outcome that was linked to the reason for the search, i.e. As observed in Chapter 5, White prisoners have consistently received the shortest ACSL in comparison to other ethnic groups. , Further custody rate figures can be found here: Criminal justice system statistics quarterly: December 2020 - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk), The overall increase in ACSL may be due to a change in sentencing guidelines. , The decrease in numbers of sentences in 2020 is mainly a result of court closures due to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. In acknowledgement of the subjective, multifaceted and changing nature of ethnic identification, we use self-identified ethnicity where this data is available[footnote 5]. This section looks at the proportion of determinate[footnote 50] sentence served[footnote 51]. The lower ACSL for White defendants may be a result of a higher percentage of guilty plea rates for this ethnic group, resulting in shorter custodial sentences. These include: Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). The equivalent proportion for White defendants was 27%. In 2020, of all males prosecuted for an indictable offence 75% were White, whilst for all females prosecuted 86% were White. Analysis of offender characteristics such as SEN and FSM is also based on academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15. From 2016 to 2019, the guilty plea rate remained relatively stable at between 88% and 89%. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of children arrested in London from White ethnic groups has decreased from 38% to 34%, with corresponding marginal increases in arrests of children from across minority ethnic groups. Single Parent Families are more common among African-Caribbean Families, which may be related to higher rates of crime In 2007 Almost half the black children in Britain were being raised by single parents. Thank you for your request. This chapter explores outcomes for defendants[footnote 38] in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) predominantly drawing on indictable offence data from the Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2020 publication. ACSL was consistently lower for White defendants from 2016 to 2020, at 19.6 months in 2020, compared to 28.6 for Asian defendants (46% longer), 26.8 for Black defendants (37% longer), and 24.4 for both defendants of Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnicity groups (25% longer). This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. A 21% decrease was seen in requirements started under suspended sentence orders. In 2020, minority ethnic children also had a higher proportion remanded in custody, had a higher custody rate and received on average longer custodial sentences. Asian and mixed‐race people are also over‐represented in the prison population; yet white people who represent 88.3% of the population only make up 73.8% of the prison population. Black suspects had the highest proportion of arrests that resulted from stop and search, accounting for 23% of total arrests, which has increased from 17% in 2016/17. , For more information, see Crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2020. Well send you a link to a feedback form. The total number of all arrests (where ethnicity is known) decreased by 21% between 2016/17 and 2020/21; this decrease was relatively consistent across most ethnic groups. This section looks at the Pre-Sentence Reports (PSRs) received and the agreement (concordance) between recommendations made in PSRs and sentences issued at court, and whether they differ between ethnic groups. A contributing factor to the long ACSL for Asian offenders is due to the high proportions of Class A drug related offences. There were 292 (15%) victims in the Black, 147 (8%) in the Asian and 107 (5%) in the Other ethnic groups[footnote 17]. This was largely because people from these ethnic groups made up a disproportionate share of people arrested, and this carried through to the . Data on prosecutions and convictions by ethnicity is collected by the Home Office and published by the Ministry of Justice. For White adult offenders, the reoffending rate was highest for those aged 35-39 at 35%. Relative Rate Index (RRI) analysis for individuals dealt with at Crown Court in 2020 showed that defendants of Chinese or Other ethnic group were 28% more likely, Black defendants 23% more likely, defendants of Mixed ethnicities 19% more likely and Asian defendants 4% more likely to be remanded in custody than White defendants (Table 5.15). Figure 5.08: Relative Rate Index (RRI): Defendants who entered a guilty plea per all that entered a plea at Crown Court, 2016 2020, England and Wales. That compares to a 1 in 323.9 chance statewide. This may partly reflect the different distributions of ethnic groups in the population in different locations, as London is more ethnically diverse than England and Wales as a whole. An infographic is published alongside this report to provide visualisations of key messages. Violent Crimes / 100k People. Over the last 5 years, the rates of arrests following stop and searches for all ethnic groups continued to converge. Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. , More information of ethnic group classifications can be found in Appendix I, Officer identified ethnicity can refer to ethnicity recorded by any third party, such as a police officer, clerk or a member of the data entry team. Of those who received a suspended sentence order, higher proportions of White and Mixed ethnicity offenders received rehabilitation requirements[footnote 60], whereas higher proportions of Black, Asian and Chinese or Other ethnicity offenders received unpaid work requirements. The latest data available during the compilation of this report have been included. In 2020/21, stop and searches which resulted in arrests accounted for 12% of total arrests made in England and Wales (where ethnicity is known). , 2% of adults identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. 327.21%. The difference in ACSL can be attributed to a range of factors, including the varying offence mix across ethnic groups (see figure 8.01). , Data is self-declared from HR records, as at 31 December 2020. , 52,617 prisoners were released from determinate sentences in 2020, of whom 99.14% were of known ethnicity. Ministry of Justice, 3rd Floor, 10 South Colonnade, London, E14 4PU, General enquiries about the statistical work of the Ministry of Justice can be e-mailed to: [email protected], The structure and content of this report is continually being reviewed to reflect user requirements. Despite the large decrease in . This includes putting more information in the public domain with ethnicity breakdowns, the use of the Relative Rate Indexes[footnote 6] where appropriate and a focus on outcomes for children distinct form the adult population. These data are based on the ONS headcount specification and may differ from other published figures due to differing specifications. Guilty plea rate (GPR) has increased across all ethnic groups across the past 5 years, showing a sharp rise since 2018. Because of this, the statistics presented in this report cannot present the typical experience of a person of a particular ethnic group, but it can highlight areas where further investigation or research may be warranted when looking at differences between ethnic groups. This trend has remained relatively stable over the past 5 years, with the Black ethnic group consistently having the highest proportion of defendants electing themselves to be heard at Crown Court. The Asian ethnic group (2%) were significantly less likely than the White ethnic group (4%) to be victims of a personal crime, whilst the Mixed ethnic group (7%) were significantly more likely. Sentencing outcomes across ethnic groups are heavily influenced by the offence mix; a major factor in determining sentencing outcomes. The lowest proportion of male homicides was in the White ethnic group (65%). We are trialling the publication of this statistical bulletin in HTML format alongside the usual PDF version and we are seeking user feedback on the use of HTML for the publication of statistical bulletins. In 2020/21, 43% of all stop and searches (where ethnicity is known) were conducted in London, involving a higher proportion of persons from minority ethnic groups when compared to the rest of England and Wales. The British Crime Survey found that most crimes go unreported and found that the risk of being a victim varies by ethnic group, whereby statistics showed that people from mixed ethnic backgrounds had a higher risk (36%) of becoming a victim of rime than blacks, Asians and whites faced. , Includes City of London and Metropolitan Police forces. The total prison population in England and Wales was 79,000 on 30th June 2020, the lowest in 14 years. The Crime and Safety Surveys in Australia and Crime Victimisation Surveys conducted overseas consistently show that a . To avoid inconsistency in the length of their offending histories, for those with an academic year of 2008/09 their offending data has been considered up to 31 August 2016 and for those with an academic year of 2009/10 it has been considered up to 31 August 2017. Around 34% of all Black homicide victims were aged between 15 and 20. Differences in outcomes between ethnic groups over time present a mixed picture, with disparity decreasing in some areas and widening in others. In 2020/21, 19% of arrests of Black suspects were for drug offences. In 2020, 79% of crime higher legal aid workload was for White clients, with 10% for Black, 8% for Asian, and 3% for Mixed clients. Read this article. Since 2015/16 there have been statistically significant decreases in reports of victims of crimes seen in the Black (from 7 to 4%) and Asian (from 4 to 2%) ethnic groups. It covers statistics on stop and searches and arrests, which are published by the Home Office in the Police powers and procedures: Stop and search and arrests, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2021[footnote 20]. This chapter looks at the interaction between ethnicity, sex, age, offending history, and reoffending throughout the Criminal Justice System[footnote 62]. This was largely consistent across all disposal types and all three measures of attainment; however, caution should be taken when breaking down proportion achieving 5 or more GCSEs A*-C by disposal type due to the small population[footnote 72]. RRI analysis showed that White defendants were more likely than all other ethnic groups to plead guilty at Crown Court. As discussed in the Introduction, the 2011 Census data used to create these estimates is now several years old and may not accurately represent the distribution of ethnic groups in the population. However, as in previous reports, in order to present as full a picture as possible we have also included some statistics that do not have this badging where National Statistics are not held on important or new topics. Give detailed and full explanations as to why the revisions were necessary. theories are . In 2020, where ethnicity was known, the number of requirements started under community orders fell to 72,400[footnote 58]; a decrease of 33% since 2018. As shown in figure 5.03, the Chinese or Other and Black ethnic groups were more likely to be remanded in custody at Crown Court in 2020, at 51% and 49% respectively. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Where a source is not National Statistics, users should consider this when making judgements about the weight that can be put on related findings. Despite the large decrease in both prosecutions and convictions over the past 5 years, proportions across ethnic groups have remained stable. 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